                                    


              ६ ⠯ ⥭ᨢ ᢮ 襩 ࠭ ࠩ  
         , ࠪਧ騩 ⥭ᨢ 樥 ᥫ  ॣ-
           ஢ ⮬,  ࠦ      ᪨ 
         ᮢ,   ﭨ ஢ ,   ࠩ.
                "㪮⢥  䨧"  樨  祫  ᮪ 
          㤥 ᮡ .    砩, ⠪  -
         ਨ   ਯ ⥩ ⫨ ᢮ࠧ  -
         樮 ०, ᫮ ᪨ .  - 
                ᢮  ࠪ ⮣-
         ᪨ ᮡ,   ।   ᪨  
         ᯮ 㭪,  㤠  ,  ५䮬  -
         ⮩ ⭮, 娬᪨ ᮡﬨ,  䫮ன  㭮,  
         ⠪ ⥯ ࠧ 樠 㭨権.  
               祫        ६ 
         䠪஢, 騩  ⥬, , ᨫ , 
          ⮯ਮ, ࠤ樮, ࠢ樮  -
          , ᮡ 娬᪮ ⠢ , ,   
         ( ..,1970; 襢᪨ ..,1968; ﯠ ..,1978; -
          .., ஭ ..,1978;  ..,1981; 檮 ..,1978). 
         ஬  -᪨  䠪஢  室 
         뢠  ᫥⢨ 孮 ⢨  ।.  
              ,  ਨ ,   쭥 ⮪  -
         饥 ६ 뢠  ⬮ 34,2%  ᥣ     
         ஬諥 ࠭ (ᮭ ..,1980).  ⬥, 
           ᫥       室  ⬮ 
           2,5 ࠧ.  訥 業樨  吝   
         頤 ⬥祭  ਫ᪥ (56,3 /).    1000 ⥫ 
         ਫ᪠ 室  ⪨ 30 ⮭  ᮢ   ⬮,   
         ६   ய᪮    -  0,7 ⮭  ⪨  (ᮭ
         ..,1980).  ..檮 (1980), ..ᮭ, ..७᪠   
         .(1980)    ⭨ ᫥  室  -
         ,  ६ ந⢥,  -᪨  
         -樠 䠪  ਢ  ⨢  ᤢ  ஢ 
         ᥫ   ॣ.
                 ࠩ  ⫨砥 ᮪ ஢,  
          ᮢ⨬  ﭭ ⢮ 祫 - ਣ -
            祭  .   窨 ७  ..祥 
         (1973), 饣 묨 ᫮ﬨ ।  ᮮ⢥-
         騥      䥭⨯᪨  ᢮⢠  ࣠, 
         த ᫮  ࠩ     묨 
         ⮫쪮  ७ ⥫  .   ,     ᮧ 
         ⮩ ⭮ 諨 祫 ⢥ ⡮.  -
         , 饣  㣨 , ᫮ ᮪   -
         襩  襩 ⥯  묨.  ⮬ ࣠  
         祫, ਡ襣  , 室 ᯮᠡ (-
         ஢)  ⨬  ᫮ﬨ ⢮. ..-
          (1973) ࠪਧ    ঠ 㭪樮-
         쭮 ﭨ ᪨ ⥬ ࣠, ᯥ稢-
         騩  ࠭, ࠧ⨥, ࠡᯮᮡ, ᨬ -
         ⥫쭮      ᫮ ।. 
              ..ᥥ (1974) ,   - ᫥⢥ -
         ९ ८⨯ 䨧᪨ ॠ権,  ࠦ騩 -
         ⥫쭮 ᯮᮡ  । ᫮.   ।-
          ᫮ । ⢮  殮   , 
         ० 祬 ९ ᫥⢥  ᯮᮡ⥫ -
         権. ᮢ ⨯ , , -,  樮, 
         ⨢,  ࠧ㬥  ⨬ ᯮᮡ  ⥬ ᫮, 
            ନ஢      ࠧ  殮 
         ᢮ ਨ.   ⨢ ᮧ ᭮  릨 
         権,  ଠ ⥬  ᥫ.    -
         ࠭稢      ᫮ ।,  १ ⫨ 
          , ⠢ ।  ᯮᮡ,  뢠 
          १ ࠧ ᫮  ⮫᪨ ᤢ  ᨫ -
          ⡮.  ⨢ 堭   ⮫쪮   
         ᥫ   ⢨ ⡮   .   ᭮-
           ᫥ 䠪⮢ ..ᥥ ⠥,    -
         -᪮ ண஢ 室   ᮢ 
          樮쭮 䠪  業 ⥩ ⨧樨  
          樨. 
              ப ࠭ ᪨    ᮢ६-
          祫⢥ 뢠  筮 ᡠ஢ -
         ⢨ 祫  । (ᥥ ..  .,1970).  -
          -᪨  ⨢ 堭   -
          ᥢ ॣ 뢠  ࠭ -
          थ筮-㤨⮩  ⥬  ࣠ 堭  ( ..,
         1972;  襢᪨ ..,1955;   ..,1981;  稭᪨  ..,
         1980). 
              ..  .. (1980) 㡥⥫쭮 ,  -
         ⥫쭮 -樮쭮 殮 ⥫  -
           ⨮⮣᪨   ࠧ⨨ थ筮-㤨⮩ 
         ⮫.
               ⬥,  ᬮ  ᫥ 䠪 -
         ࠭ ।    ।  諮  ᥫ 
         ࠩ ,   ᢮ ᥢ  뢠  ਬ 
         襣 ᯮᮡ  ஢  ᪨ ᫮, ஥ 
               㡮   - -
           ﭨ ஢.
              ࠪ⨪ ।,   祭  ⮬ ࠥ 樮-
         쭮 ⠭, ࠢ ० 㤠  , ॣ୮ -
         ⨩ 䨧᪮ ன  ⮬ .    ⥬,  -
         ᫥  (祥 ..,1980;  稭᪨ ..,1980;  㫨
         ..,1979  㣨)  ,   業   ஢ 
         ᫮ ਯ    ॣ       
         ।묨 ᫥⢥ ९묨 ⨢묨 -
         . , ..祥  㣨 (1980)  २⢠ -
         ⨢ 堭  ᮪     ⨢  ⥣ 
         ⨯ "⠩".   ᫥ (㫨 ..  ., 1980-1991) 
              ਧ,  ।  䥪⨢ 
         ⨢ 堭     .  
                ⥬,  ।騥 ᫥ ய,  -
         ஭⮫  㣨 ᯥ樠⮢ ᢨ⥫  ⮬,  ନ-
         ஢ 㪠 樮 堭   鸞 ᫮
         ।,    ந室 ਮ쭮 ࠧ⨥  ନ஢ 
         ᫮ ࣠ 祫. ᮪ ⮩稢  ६ 
         䠪ࠬ ।  ⨬   ନ஢  , த-
             ᪨ ᫮,   ᫮  -
         ᫥饩 .
                ⠢  ᫥ 裡 ﭨ -
         ஢        ᪨  ᬨ᪨ 
         ᫮ﬨ  ਮ  ७⠫쭮  ⭠⠫쭮 ࠧ. 
              ।⠢     ਠ  뢠  ﭨ 
         ⥮-䨧᪨ ᫮,  䠪஢   ॣ ஦ 
           ०  ஦,  ᮫筮 ⨢   ஦, 
         ७ᥭ     । ॥  ,   
         ⮩稢 ࣠ 祫  ६ ᪨ 䠪-
         ࠬ ᮪ .
               ᭮       室 -
           ⪮  樭᪮ ⡮   ஦  
         ࠡ  .   ⢥    ⨢  ⮬ 
         ⡮  ᯮ짮 ਨ ⭮ ᫮  
         ⨢ 堭,  易  冷  䥭⨯᪨ -
         ⥩ ࣠,  ⠪ ⢨ 鸞 ⮫᪨ ⪫-
           ।ᯮ  .
                ਨ   ᯮ㥬  ࠢ
           㦥 騥 ॡ,  ᮡ   ᫥-
         饬,    ᢮,  ।  ࠭ ஢  
          ⤥쭮 祫, ࠢ塞  ,  ⥬  -
         ࠭  ࠧ⨥ ஢ ᥩ ᥢ୮ 樨  楫.
         
